This study presents a comprehensive environmental assessment of hybrid and dry condensing systems in central tower Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants. Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, the research analyses two optimized configurations based on the recently constructed Redstone CSP plant in South Africa. The study evaluates their environmental impacts, focusing on climate change and

To address the intermittent and unstable characteristics of solar energy, the combination of a solar energy system and a phase change latent heat storage unit is a promising solution. In this study, a new sandwich spiral structure is designed for a solar phase change heat storage system for residential applications. First, the influence of this structure on the internal temperature field of the latent

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) presents significant challenges to urban energy networks due to increased demand and potential overloading risks. Integrating renewable energy sources (RES) offers a sustainable solution, reducing carbon emissions while meeting future energy needs. Using Nottingham, UK, as a representative case within a broader European urban energy context, this study

We present the first multi-physics model for the polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE), coupling mechanical compression with electrochemical reactions to predict the effect of mechanical compression on cell performance. Under compression, the catalyst layer (CL) and membrane deform more significantly than the porous transport layer (PTL). Quite alarmingly, the membrane experiences

With the proliferation of renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics, managing the complexity of building energy systems while ensuring grid stability, occupant comfort, and resilience to power outages has become increasingly challenging. To address this challenge, this study proposes a hierarchical control framework that optimally coordinates battery energy storage, heat pumps, and domestic

Exploring efficient, clean and energy-saving cooling solutions is one of the most important ways to decarbonize data centers (DCs). This study investigates a variable spacing multi-jet direct chip cooling device to increase the heat transfer coefficient and improve the temperature uniformity. Attaching the pin fins directly to the chip significantly reduces the thermal resistance. The study of different

The development of renewable energy through energy storage technologies has addressed the issue of energy fluctuations. However, the insufficient absorption capacity of the grid leads to significant power curtailment. In this work, a solid oxide iron-air redox battery (SOIARB) is integrated into the concentrated solar power (CSP) with calcium looping (CaL) system to achieve hybrid electrical and thermal

Electro-thermal energy storage (ETES) technology has presented its great potential to efficiently consume renewable energy and increase the flexibility of power grid. This paper presents an innovative ETES system that integrates electromagnetic induction heat storage (EIHS) with moving bed heat release (MBHR). A numerical simulation method based on CFD-DEM was developed to access the system’s performance

Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems, with their high efficiency and compact design, support green hydrogen production and contribute to United NationsSustainable Development Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy). However, their performance and longevity can be significantly compromised by inadequate thermal management. To address this challenge, this study proposes a data-driven framework that enhances

The resource utilization of retired wind turbine blades is a key part of achieving the “dual carbon” goal. It is difficult to separate the adhesion between glass fiber and thermosetting resin in the main beam material of retired wind turbine blades, and the presence of thermosetting resin affects the recycling of glass fiber. The current separation technology has problems such as high technical difficulty

The conduction-cooled superconducting power cable is regarded as a reliable approach for power transmission in future unmanned space environments. This method employs a cryogenic refrigerator for heat conduction cooling and does not require the regular provision of additional coolant to ensure long-term efficient and stable operation of space power systems. Unfortunately, this device has yet to be

To enhance aviation fuel production from plastic waste and understand the impact of microwave heating on pyrolysis, this study investigated the microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) using Fe/Ni-loaded HY zeolite catalysts (HY-zeolite, Fe/HY, Ni/HY, and FeNi/HY). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the composition of the pyrolysis oil, while the gas composition

The co-gasification of sewage sludge and coal not only facilitates industrial decarbonization but also provides a promising approach for sludge treatment. In this study, the mechanisms of sewage sludge and bituminous coal were explored by the molecular dynamic simulation and the reactive force field. Synergy analysis revealed that the co-gasification process enhanced the production of H2 and CO by

The application of carbon dioxide (CO2) for heavy oil extraction presents a promising alternative, particularly in scenarios where conventional techniques prove economically unviable. This study analyzes the effects of non-catalytic thermolysis at various initial CO2 pressures, both with and without water (H2O), aiming to identify optimal conditions for reducing the viscosity of heavy oil. These conditions

Battery thermal management is a major challenge for battery electric vehicles, with thermal runaway incidents sparking public safety concerns. Aiming to tackle the issues of excessive module temperature and inadequate thermal balance of vehicle power batteries under high discharge rates, a novel interwound cooling belt structure for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries based on the temperature distribution

Multi-regional electric power systems (MEPS) management involves hierarchical decision-making, multi-dimensional uncertainties, and inter-regional interactions. Conventional deterministic single-level MEPS models struggle to balance trade-offs across multiple objectives and/or criteria at different decision levels and manage uncertainties. To support the low-carbon transition of Canadian MEPS (2031–2050)

The primary strategy for addressing environmental concerns related to global aviation emissions is transitioning to low-carbon propulsion technologies. Hydrogen (H2) offers significant potential as a sustainable fuel, with anticipated zero to low carbon emissions. This study develops a methodological framework that integrates on-site electrolytic H2 production, storage, and transportation for airport

Heating, cooling, air conditioning, and ventilation systems are major contributors to global warming emissions and climate change. As global temperatures rise, building requirements evolve, with cooling expected to play an increasingly important role. Seeking sustainable options for this growing demand, this study presents an experimental comparison of four refrigerants (R-1234yf, R-513A, R-516A, R-134a)

High-temperature solid oxide cell (SOC) technology is a promising solution for peak shaving and valley filling in intermittent renewable energy microgrids due to its high efficiency and reversibility. Energy conversion is typically done in units of one charge/discharge cycle; however, a precise definition of the SOC system efficiency in continuous switching cycles has not yet been found, particularly

The integration of an external waste heat source into the Carnot battery system holds the theoretical potential to surpass 100% in efficiency. However, achieving significant efficiency requires waste heat sources with relatively high temperatures, limiting the application of Carnot batteries. To address challenge, this paper proposes a novel Carnot battery based on non-phase-change waste heat sources

Lithium extraction from brines plays a key role in the global transition toward sustainable energy systems, yet the transient thermophysical behavior of lithium-rich solar evaporation ponds (LiSEPs) under real environmental conditions remains unexplored. This study presents a computational framework developed in OpenFOAM to analyze the transient transport of mass, energy, and momentum in a LiSEP located

Energy storage is an effective solution for solving grid volatility of renewable electricity. The hydrogen energy storage (HES) system is a promising energy storage technology due to the high energy density of hydrogen as an energy storage medium. In this work, a new HES system, including the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEME), the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and the waste heat recovery

Solar thermal conversion and storage technologies utilizing phase change materials are promising for meeting future energy demands and imbalances because of their exceptional energy storage capability and reversibility. However, effectively improving photothermal conversion performance and skillfully harnessing photothermal energy remain considerable challenges. Herein, hybrid photothermal fillers

Gasification of biomass is widely recognized as a practical method of enhancing sustainable generation of hydrogen. This research investigates the optimal gasification pathway for higher hydrogen gas yields in syngas produced from sisal wastes. Comparative studies on steam gasification (SG) and hydrothermal gasification (HTG) are modeled using Aspen Plus software. Key operating parameters including

Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) is considered a potential alternative to gasoline, contributing to the decarbonization of the global transportation sector. Nonetheless, the elevated viscosity and latent heat of vaporization of butanol and ethanol present vaporization challenges in cold temperatures. This research investigates the influence of ABE composition on spray characteristics, combustion, emissions

The desiccant wheel-assisted atmospheric water harvesting system (DW-AWHS) effectively mitigates the performance degradation of a heat pump-based atmospheric water harvesting system (HP-AWHS) in arid desert climates by elevating the air dew point temperature. Comparative multi-environmental performance experiments between the HP-AWHS and DW-AWHS revealed that the DW-AWHS exhibits reduced susceptibility

This paper introduces a probabilistic load coordination approach to optimize the combined management of home-charged electric vehicles and space heating demand. Reduced-order resistance–capacitance models are applied for building thermal simulations, while support vector machine models predict baseline electric loads. Monte Carlo simulations are used to estimate arrival times and remaining charge of

Climate change leads to spatiotemporal shifts in the global distribution of wind resources. Many studies anticipate declining mean wind speed in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, while predicting increases in mean wind speed in the tropics. However, average wind resource conditions represent only one aspect of the meteorological wind potential. The dynamics of temporal variability and spatial

Centrifugal pumps are prone to performance breakdown when transporting mixtures with an inlet gas volume fraction (IGVF) exceeding 10%. This is mainly due to the limitations of radial impeller structure, cavitation induced and head loss under high IGVF. To address this, a new design for multiphase pumps is proposed to replace single-stage centrifugal pumps for high gas-content fluid transport, focusing

To incorporate a high share of intermittent renewable sources in energy systems, energy system optimization models rely on weather and climate time series data. However, data for renewable energy sources often contains missing values due to sensor or transmission faults. This study evaluates various data imputation methods for minutely-resolved global horizontal irradiance, direct normal irradiance

The Allam cycle is an oxyfuel combustion cycle with nearly 100% carbon capture efficiency and high net power generation efficiency. However, current studies mainly focus on the thermodynamic analysis of the cycle, and there is a lack of experimental research on the effect of the working fluid composition on the performance of the components and the overall cycle output. This study aims to experimentally

The urgent need for geographically flexible, large-scale, and long-duration energy storage solutions to support renewable energy integration highlights critical limitations in conventional thermal storage systems. To achieve high energy density and heat quality upgrading, this article introduces a novel air-source energy-driven Rankine-Carnot battery system employing cascaded salt hydrate-TCES modules

Recovering waste heat from industrial exhaust gases, including those from flare systems, offers a crucial opportunity to enhance energy efficiency and minimize environmental impact. This study investigates the thermal and hydrodynamic performance of a novel gas-to-gas double-pipe heat exchanger with helically baffled fins, specifically designed for heat recovery from flare exhaust gases in various

There are increasing interests in engaging data centers to provide energy flexibility services in power grids, due to their enormous energy consumption and storage capacities. However, two fundamental questions should be addressed urgently before wide applications, but not yet addressed sufficiently: what are the impacts of such engagement on the operational reliability and economics of data centers

Low grade heat (LGH) is an abundant source of energy that can be harvested to produce electricity. Several technologies have been developed and investigated to convert LGH to electricity such us thermoelectric generators and organic cycle. Recently, thermo-osmotic energy conversion (TOEC) has been introduced as a potential technology to convert LGH to energy. However, a handful number of works has

PEMFCs (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells) are devices widely used today in hydrogen power generation and energy storage systems. PEMFC parameter estimation is crucial for optimizing fuel cell performance, reducing costs, and ensuring system reliability. Accurate estimation allows for better modeling and simulation, and minimizes the need for expensive and time-consuming experiments. The study focuses

The growing adoption of natural gas as a transportation fuel is driven by its potential to lower greenhouse gas emissions while serving as a viable alternative to conventional diesel engines. However, conventional stoichiometric spark-ignition (SI) natural gas engines suffer from efficiency losses at low to mid loads due to the use of intake air throttling to regulate airflow. While prior studies have

The present study aims to conduct a techno-economic analysis of Retired Electric Vehicle Batteries (REVB) with Grid-Connected Hybrid Energy Systems (HES) for Electric Vehicle (EV) charging. This work integrates various parameters for the optimal design of a REVB with a grid-connected HES system. Technical parameters include Renewable factor (RF), Photovoltaic fraction (PVF), as well as Wind fraction

The maritime sector’s dependence on fossil fuels, coupled with the rising crude oil prices, underscores the urgent need to enhance ship efficiency and advance the decarbonization of the marine sector. This paper evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of integrating organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems in diesel-electric propulsion marine distribution vessels. A comprehensive simulation and

Ocean thermal energy is a renewable source, but its low temperature differential between the cooling and heating sources limits the conversion efficiency. Selecting an efficient working fluid is a key strategy for improving performance. This study introduces a novel ternary absorbent solution, NH3-H2O-LiBr, as the working medium for the EKalina ocean thermal energy conversion cycle. Lithium bromide

This study investigates the role of different energy storage technologies in a European electricity sector that complies with the target of net-zero carbon emissions in 2050. We consider three energy storage technologies, namely battery, pumped hydro, and hydrogen storage. We find that the cost-minimal energy storage mix in a country depends on the generation mix, and we identify three country archetypes

Photovoltaic (PV) arrays serve as photoelectric conversion devices essential for remotely located systems relying on wireless power transmission (WPT), eliminating the need for physical contact with the ground. To address two major challenges—the geometric mismatch between conventional PV arrays and the circular incident light spot, and the current mismatch caused by non-uniform irradiation, this study

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology has emerged as a promising high-efficiency and zero-emission power solution for marine propulsion systems. While inertial forces induced by vessel motion are known to affect PEMFC performance, the specific impact mechanisms under rolling conditions remain unexplored. This study presents a systematic investigation of PEMFC dynamic characteristics

Electric vehicles have emerged as a promising solution to address growing concerns about fossil fuel consumption and environmental pollution. However, operating temperature conditions play a critical role in determining the efficiency and safety of electric vehicle batteries. Maintaining battery temperatures within an optimal range is essential for ensuring efficient and reliable operation. This study

Distinguished from systems filled with only one phase change temperature (PCT) material, this study proposes a novel multi-tubular phase change material (PCM)-assisted earth–air heat exchanger (EAHE) filled with two materials with different PCTs. Specifically, in this system, the three PCM units inside the buried tube are filled with the same material with the same PCT (Material 1), whereas the PCM

Numerous regions worldwide experience abundant natural sunlight and significant temperature differentials between night and day. We propose a novel system called Passive Adsorptive Direct Air Capture (PADAC), which leverages a natural temperature gradient to facilitate CO2 adsorption and desorption cycles. Specifically, CO2 is adsorbed during the cooler nighttime temperatures and desorbed during the

Mineral oils have been used extensively as cooling liquids, particularly when electrical insulation and high thermal stability are required. However, their use is increasingly scrutinized as they biodegrade slowly and accumulate in the environment. While alternatives including vegetable oils have been studied, viable options would need to provide comparable thermal and physical properties while being

The supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) stands out as a promising technology for thermal power conversion due to its high thermal efficiency, straightforward equipment requirements, and compact footprint. Despite its potential, existing optimization design methods for supercritical ORC systems face several limitations, such as focusing on single-objective optimization, and relying on empirically

The cement industry represents a heavy emission source due to its large heat demands in its high-temperature processes, as well as a substantial source of CO2 emissions due to the ongoing chemical reactions. The primary air going into the combustion chambers could be pre-heated using available waste heat from the raw mill. However, batch operation imposes a challenge in supplying a continuous heat

Ethanol production by bacterial fermentation using carbon-containing gases is an effective way to achieve the dual carbon goal and green energy production. However, low gas mass transfer efficiency in liquid and insufficient carbon source lead to low ethanol production efficiency. To solve the problem of gas transmission limitation, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), one kind of hydrophobic breathable

The Maisotsenko Cycle (M−Cycle), recognized for its capability in air conditioning and delivering saturated air in conjunction with humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination technology, presents a viable solution for water desalination by leveraging atmospheric moisture. These features make it an attractive option for simultaneous cooling and freshwater production, gaining significant attention

The imperative for industrial decarbonization is underscored by political and sustainability requirements. Energy efficiency stands as a foundational pillar in the comprehensive strategy aimed at decarbonizing industrial processes. The heterogeneity and potential interdependencies of energy use in the manufacturing industry necessitates systematic methods and tools, especially in identifying energy

Intermittent renewable power sources can induce thermal oscillations in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs), compromising their integrity and safety. A tubular SOEC numerical model has been constructed. Under the condition of a quasi-step voltage response, it can be observed that the single-cell model can rapidly transition from one steady state to another quasi-steady state within 0.5 s while maintaining

In the context of energy transition, ammonia (NH3), traditionally used as a fertilizer, represents a promising carbon-free energy vector due to its high hydrogen density (around 17.8 wt%). Nevertheless, the huge carbon intensity of NH3 synthesis calls for an intensification of the conventional, fossil fuel-based Haber-Bosch process. Flexibility, small-scale plants, modularity and mild operating pressures

With the clean transformation of the global energy structure, the exploitation of renewable energy is increasing. However, the adjustable degree of the integrated energy system and the flexibility of the load are still not fully released, leading to a low consumption level of renewable energy. To enhance the operational flexibility of integrated energy system, this paper establishes a flexibility assessment

Mitigating power losses caused by the wake effect is crucial for improving the efficiency of operational wind farms. Wind farm flow control represents a key approach to achieving this objective. However, dynamic wind conditions, including variations in wind speed and direction, along with environmental uncertainties, present significant challenges to effective flow control. To address these challenges

Both the increased utilization of photovoltaic (PV) and the consequent expansion of energy storage, leading to higher costs, are critical factors in the development of a techno-economic microgrid. To address this trade-off, optimal sizing design of a multi-energy microgrid is essential. This paper proposes a novel linear search-linear programming method for optimizing the sizing of microgrids with

The current study explores the thermal and economic performance of an innovative combined cooling and power generation system integrating a reheat recompression main compression intercooling Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) cycle with a double effect absorption refrigeration cycle. To assess the effects of different input parameters on its performance, a detailed parametric study is conducted. The combined

Transport is one of the energy segments belonging to the so-called hard-to-abate sectors. Despite several EU directives promote its decarbonisation, heavy-duty mobility still shows increasing emissions, due to the continuous raise in road freight activity and reliance on low-efficiency internal combustion engines powered by fossil fuels. Hydrogen fuel cell electric trucks represent one of the most