Urban drainage systems (UDSs) are vital for managing stormwater and wastewater but face growing challenges due to urbanization, climate change and aging infrastructure. Real-time control (RTC) enhances UDSs’ performance and circumvents the need for system upgrades through adaptive management and repurposing existing systems. Meanwhile, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising tool

Several studies have attributed the rapid drying during flash droughts to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) by using VPD anomaly based metrics. In this study, we use an analytical approach to investigate the role of VPD in the depletion of soil moisture through evapotranspiration (ET) and evaluate if the anomalies reflect its actual contribution toward drying. We model the energy and water balance of the

Irrigation is increasingly important to agricultural production and supply chains in the United States. In this study, we seek to understand how irrigation (blue) water footprints of production are spatially distributed and how they differ in drought versus non-drought years. Similarly, we aim to understand the impact of drought on the irrigation virtually embedded in domestic supply chains and exports

The availability of long-term high-frequency water quality data sets provides an opportunity to investigate transport pathways within catchments. The simple “C-Q” log-regression equation is commonly used to investigate the relationship between water quality concentrations and streamflow. However, significant variability within high-frequency data sets can result in poor explanation of temporal dynamics

Reliable groundwater level (GWL) prediction is essential for sustainable water resources management. Despite recent advances in machine learning (ML) methods for GWL prediction, further improvements may be made in uncertainty quantification and model interpretability. This study proposes Bayesian TimesNet (BTimesNet), a novel deep learning model for probabilistic and explainable GWL prediction. BTimesNet

Gridded data updating for crop water consumption differentiating blue (i.e., irrigation water) and green (i.e., soil water) components at global scale is too hysteretic because of heavy working load and time cost of physical-based models to prompt understanding and management of water for food. This study constructs a model for crop blue-green water footprint (WF) with interpretability of physical

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In 2021, China adopted comprehensive “Groundwater Management Regulations” to address critical groundwater issues, building upon the foundation of a national groundwater monitoring network established by 2020. This commentary reviews the development of China's National Groundwater Monitoring Network, examines its current monitoring capacity, and highlights ongoing groundwater issues and related ecological

Canopy interception represents the initial phase of rainfall redistribution across the land surface and is crucial for hydrological and ecological processes. This study proposes a novel theoretical model of canopy interception based on the microphysical processes of raindrops within the canopy. The model incorporates physical parameters pertinent to canopy characteristics, such as the attachment retention

Long-term multireservoir operations optimization is challenging for existing optimization methods such as stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) and implicit stochastic programming (ISP) suffering from excessive computing time requirements. More difficult is to tackle a risk-based optimization problem and provide an efficient frontier of the objective function for multireservoir systems. The Fletcher–Ponnambalam

In this study, we investigated the coupling effect of sub-core-scale heterogeneity and miscibility on the development of flow pattern under drainage in porous media. We performed experiments with two Bentheimer sandstone cores (usually considered homogeneous) both with mild heterogeneity. For both cores, two drainage experiments were performed: supercritical CO2${\text{CO}}_{2}$ (scCO2${\text{scCO}}_{2}$)

Water–salt movement is a central issue in soil, water, and crop science, with its accurate simulation holding significant scientific value. The combined Richards equation for water movement and the continuity equation for solute migration currently provide a systematic approach for simulating water–salt movement. However, existing models and methods do not adequately address the theoretical effect

Building stock modelling underpins energy and environmental assessments of the built environment. Material Intensity (MI), representing material mass per unit dimension, is vital for bottom-up estimation of building material stocks. However, reliance on sparse or uniform MI data can lead to significant inaccuracies due to intra-archetype variability, often stemming from differing building morphologies

Land surface modeling combined with data assimilation can yield highly accurate soil moisture estimates on regional and global scales. However, most land surface models often neglect lateral surface and subsurface flows, which are crucial for water redistribution and soil moisture. This study applies the Community Land Model (CLM) and the coupled CLM-ParFlow model over a 22,500 km2${\text{km}}^{2}$

The accelerated warming in the Arctic poses serious risks to freshwater ecosystems by altering streamflow and river thermal regimes. However, limited research on Arctic River water temperatures exists due to data scarcity and the absence of robust methodologies, which often focus on large, major river basins. To address this, we leveraged the newly released, extensive AKTEMP data set and advanced machine

This study investigates the impact of relative submergence, defined as the ratio of water depth to the diameter of boulders (k = H/D), on turbulence structures in flow through boulder arrays. The large-eddy simulation method is employed to simulate flow through boulder arrays across a range of k values from 0.25 to 3.50. Within this range, three distinct flow regimes are identified: low (k = 0.25)

The increasing demand for plastic products has generated unprecedented amounts of plastic waste. To reduce both proper and improper plastics disposal and the concomitant long and short term physical and chemical risks, recycling has emerged as an effective and complementary tool to recover waste and lower demand for unsustainable virgin plastics production. Post-consumer and post-industrial recyclate

Urban and peri-urban lakes are undergoing significant ecological deterioration in the fast-changing Anthropocene, leading to toxic algal proliferation jeopardizing ecosystem services and public health. Nevertheless, the ecological response of these lakes to anthropogenic disturbances, management interventions, and climate change remains inadequately understood. This study examined the dynamic trajectory

Agricultural activities in crop production emit substantial air pollutants, impacting air quality, ecosystems, and public health. However, compiling a spatially explicit crop air pollutant emission inventory including all agricultural activities in field is urgent but still lacking. Here, we conducted a county-level air pollutant emission inventory and mitigation potential assessment for China’s wheat

Expansion of geothermal power generation (GPG) enhances stability of renewable energy systems yet with increasing material demands. However, material footprints of GPG remain underexplored for a thorough comparison with wind and photovoltaic power. We establish a life cycle system for GPG to evaluate material footprints of flash steam, dry steam, and binary cycle power generation on a global scale

Global greenhouse vegetables production has grown substantially and will play a critical role in meeting future global vegetable demand. However, the environmental performance of large-scale greenhouse vegetable production compared to open-field cultivation remains unclear. Through carbon and reactive nitrogen footprint analysis of provincial-scale vegetable production in China, we show that greenhouse

The water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves of unsaturated soils are important parameters for seepage analysis. Experimental results in the literature generally show that with increasing density, the air-entry value and adsorption/desorption rate of the water retention curve increase and the relative hydraulic conductivity (kr) at a given degree of saturation changes. The above phenomena

The fluorine-containing organics in the spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) cause environmental pollution during recycling. Recovery of fluorine-containing resources is critical for the recycling process of spent LIBs. This study elucidated the transformation mechanism of fluoride in cathode black mass (BM) during pyrolysis and proposed an integrated approach for fluoride reclamation. At 650 °C, 89