Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators have been widely researched for their high-sensitivity sensing capability, but there is currently a lack of high-sensitivity real-time sensing methods for quasi-static measurement. In this paper, within the framework of dissipative coupling sensing, a new method for quasi-static sensing based on the self-modulation of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) resonators is proposed

Spatial photonic Ising machines, as emerging artificial intelligence hardware solutions by leveraging unique physical phenomena, have shown promising results in solving large-scale combinatorial problems. However, spatial light modulator enabled Ising machines still remain bulky, are very power demanding, and have poor stability. In this study, we propose an integrated XY Ising sampler based on a highly

Multi-spectral and multi-functional optical components play a crucial role in fields such as high-speed communications and optical sensing. However, the interaction between different spectra and matter varies significantly, making it challenging to simultaneously achieve dynamic multi-spectral modulation capabilities. We designed a modulator based on a planar nested multiscale metasurface, incorporating

Holographic optical elements (HOEs) are integral to advancements in optical sensing, augmented reality, solar energy harvesting, biomedical diagnostics, and many other fields, offering precise and versatile light manipulation capabilities. This study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is the first to design and fabricate an HOE mutli-waveguide system using a thermally and environmentally stable

Spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) exhibit characteristics of transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) that is perpendicular to the direction of pulse propagation, indicating significant potential for diverse applications. In this study, we employ vanadium dioxide and photonic crystal plates to design tunable transreflective dual-channel terahertz (THz) spatiotemporal vortex generation devices

Driven by advancements in artificial intelligence, end-to-end learning has become a key method for system optimization in various fields, including communications. However, applying learning algorithms such as backpropagation directly to communication systems is challenging due to their non-differentiable nature. Existing methods typically require developing a precise differentiable digital model of

Dispersive optical phased arrays (DOPAs) offer a method for fast 2D beam scanning for solid-state LiDAR with a pure passive operation, and therefore low control complexity and low power consumption. However, in terms of scalability, state-of-the-art DOPAs do not easily achieve a balanced performance over the specifications of long-range LiDAR, including the number of pixels (resolvable points) and

Silicon photonics (SiPh) technology has become a key platform for developing photonic integrated circuits due to its CMOS compatibility and scalable manufacturing. However, integrating efficient on-chip optical sources and in-line amplifiers remains challenging due to silicon’s indirect bandgap. In this study, we developed prefabricated standardized InAs/GaAs quantum-dot (QD) active devices optimized

Reconfigurable silicon microrings have garnered significant interest for addressing challenges in artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and telecommunications due to their versatile capabilities. Compared to electro-optic (EO) and thermo-optic (TO) devices, emerging micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)-based reconfigurable silicon photonic devices actuated by electrostatic forces offer

Space division multiplexing (SDM) can achieve higher communication transmission capacity by exploiting more spatial channels in a single optical fiber. For weakly coupled few-mode fiber, different mode groups (MGs) are highly isolated from each other, so the SDM system can be simplified by utilizing MG multiplexing and intensity modulation direct detection. A key issue to be addressed here is MG demultiplexing

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) provides nanoscale imaging, but pixel integration of acquired SMLM images limited the choice of sampling rate, which restricts the information content conveyed within each image. We propose an upsampled point spread function (PSF) inverse modeling method for large-pixel single-molecule localization, enabling precise three-dimensional superresolution imaging

Imaging in the solar blind ultraviolet (UV) region offers significant advantages, including minimal interference from sunlight, reduced background noise, low false-alarm rate, and high sensitivity, and thus has important applications in early warning or detection of fire, ozone depletion, dynamite explosions, missile launches, electric leakage, etc. However, traditional imaging systems in this spectrum

Thin-film lithium niobate has attracted great interest in high-speed communication due to its unique piezoelectric and nonlinear properties. However, its high photorefraction and slow electro-optic response relaxation introduce the possibility of transmission bit errors. Recently, lithium tantalate, another piezoelectric and nonlinear material, has emerged as a promising candidate for active photonic

We present a 300 GHz photonic filter based on a soliton microcomb, addressing the increasing demand for high-frequency, low-phase-noise signals in THz-band wireless communications. Utilizing a uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD), our configuration enables the generation of 300 GHz waves through beat signals from adjacent longitudinal modes of the microcomb. By combining the UTC-PD with a photonic

Non-Hermitian topology provides an emergent research frontier for studying unconventional topological phenomena and developing new materials and applications. Here, we study the non-Hermitian Chern bands and the associated non-Hermitian skin effects in Floquet checkerboard lattices with synthetic gauge fluxes. Such lattices can be realized in a network of coupled resonator optical waveguides in two

Optical transfer delay (OTD) is essential for distributed coherent systems, optically controlled phased arrays, fiber sensing systems, and quantum communication systems. However, existing OTD measurement techniques typically involve trade-offs among accuracy, range, and speed, limiting the application in the fields. Herein, we propose a single-shot OTD measurement approach that simultaneously achieves

Femtosecond pulsed lasers offer significant advantages for micro-/nano-modifications in integrated photonics. Microring resonators (MRRs), which are essential components in photonic integrated circuits (PICs), are widely employed in various fields, including optical communication, sensing, and filtering. In this study, we investigate the modification mechanisms associated with femtosecond laser interactions

On-chip couplers are essential for coupling free-space electromagnetic waves into sub-wavelength semiconductor devices and enhancing light-matter interactions. However, the couplers used in existing single field-effect transistor (FET) detectors exhibit poor response over wide frequency ranges, making the detection of ultra-wideband weak signals highly challenging. In this work, we introduce a meta-array

Advanced technologies such as autonomous driving, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence have considerably increased data demand. Real-time interactions further drive the development of high-speed, high-capacity networks. Advancements in communication systems depend on developing high-speed optoelectronic devices. Optical communication systems are rapidly evolving, with data

High-performance infrared emitters hold substantial importance in modern engineering and physics. Here, we introduce graphene/PZT (lead zirconate titanate) heterostructure as a new platform for the development of infrared source structure based on an electron–phonon coupling and emitting mechanism. A series of electrical characterizations including carrier mobility [11,361.55 cm2/(V·s)], pulse current

Thermal quenching has been known to entangle with luminescence naturally, which is primarily driven by a multi-phonon relaxation (MPR) process. Considering that MPR and the phonon-assisted energy transfer (PAET) process may interact cooperatively plays a critical role in conducting the thermal response of luminescence thermometry. Herein, an energy mismatch system of Yb3+/Ho3+/Er3+ co-doped β-NaLuF4

We propose a design method for a diffractive neural network (DNN) for imaging through scattering media, offering robustness against the spatial coherence of illumination, scattering strength, and scattering dynamics. Most techniques for imaging through scattering media are time-consuming and/or tailored to specific optical conditions. The DNN, composed of layers of diffractive optical elements (DOEs)

A reconfigurable metasurface based on optical control provides a control paradigm for integrating multiple functions at the same aperture, which effectively expands the freedom of control. However, the traditional light control method requires the light source to directly illuminate the photosensitive device, which forces the metasurface to be placed only according to the light emitter position, and

Independent manipulation of orthogonal circularly polarized wavefronts is one of the important goals for meta-optics, and chiral nanophotonics is one of the crucial approaches. In this article, we propose a new scheme for spin-dependent terahertz wavefront shaping based on chiral metasurfaces, which involves a hybrid design of the propagation phase, chirality induced phase, and Pancharatnam-Berry phase

A terahertz temperature sensor is developed by combining an Al metasurface with polycrystalline strontium titanate (STO) prepared by RF magnetron sputtering and air annealing. Leveraging the excellent dielectric properties of STO, we design terahertz temperature sensors based on amorphous and polycrystalline STO. In the temperature range of 300–620 K, as the temperature increases, the transmission

The finding of Snell’s law for anomalous reflection enables broad applications of metasurfaces in stealth, communication, radar technology, etc. However, some unavoidable high-order modes are inherently generated due to the super lattice of this local approach, which thus causes a decrease in efficiency and a limit in the reflected angle. Here, a novel, to our knowledge, low-profile wideband reflective

The high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids permits the exploration of the ultrafast electron dynamics in strong-field light–matter interaction. In particular, the laser ellipticity dependence of HHG provides insight into the energy band structure and the electron dynamics. Here, we report the harmonics up to the 10th order generated from monolayer MoS2 in experiment. The perpendicular components

Ranging is indispensable in a variety of fields, encompassing basic science, manufacturing, production, and daily life. Although traditional methods based on the dispersive interferometry (DPI) in the frequency domain provide high precision, their measurement speed is slow, preventing the capture and measurement of dynamic displacements. Here, we propose a fast and precise ranging method based on the

The fast and accurate design of terahertz devices for specific applications remains challenging, especially for tailoring metadevices, owing to the complex electromagnetic characteristics of these devices and their large structural parameter space. The unique functionalities achieved by metadevices come at the cost of structural complexity, resulting in a time-consuming parameter sweep for conventional

Pesticide residues in tea are an important problem affecting the sustainable development of the tea industry; thus, pesticide detection is the key to ensuring the quality and safety of tea. Here, a terahertz metasurface structure based on the quasi-bound state in the continuum is proposed, which consists of two copper microrods arranged periodically. This design in the metasurface provides strong local

Hollow-core-fiber (HCF) gas lasers (GLs) have garnered significant interest as a novel approach for generating mid-infrared lasers, owing to their inherent benefits of rich emission wavelength, high beam quality, and high output power potential. However, they are mostly achieved by a free-space coupling structure, which has a major drawback of being prone to vibrations and other environmental variations

Constructing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates is a recognized and effective approach for amplifying Raman signals. However, the simultaneous acquisition of nanostructured substrates with high enhancement factors and repeatability poses challenges due to cost and technological limitations. Here, we developed nanometer-spaced metal gratings (NSMGs) with high sensitivity and uniformity

On-chip superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are gaining traction in integrated quantum photonics due to their exceptional performance and the elimination of fiber coupling loss. However, off-chip high-rejection filters are commonly required to remove the intense pump light employed in quantum states generation, thus remaining the obstacle for embedding SNSPDs into quantum photonic

Due to the high-dimensional characteristics of photon orbital angular momentum (OAM), a beam can carry multiple OAMs simultaneously thus forming an OAM comb, which has been proved to show significant potential in both classical and quantum photonics. Tailoring broadband OAM combs on demand in a fast and accurate manner is a crucial basis for their application in advanced scenarios. However, obtaining

Free electron radiation, particularly Smith-Purcell radiation, provides a versatile platform for exploring light-matter interactions and generating light sources. A fundamental characteristic of Smith-Purcell radiation is the monotonic decrease in radiation frequency as the observation angle increases relative to the direction of the free electrons’ motion, akin to the Doppler effect. Here, we demonstrate

Mode-locked fiber lasers are excellent platforms for soliton generation. Solitons exhibit distinct distribution and evolution characteristics depending on the net dispersion of the laser cavity. Here we propose an experimental scheme to reconstruct the intracavity dynamics of solitons within a mode-locked fiber laser. The proposed scheme is facilitated by disposing multiple output ports at different

Microwave chips are widely utilized in modern communication, national defense, and various technological domains. However, effective signal identification remains challenging due to complex multi-frequency microwave interference. To address this issue, we propose an advanced optical imaging framework based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center near-field microscopy. This framework enables the separation

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) open up a unique avenue of enhancing light–matter interactions due to their extreme field confinement and infinite quality (Q) factors. Although tremendous progress has been made in the past 10 years, the majority of previous works focused on either a single BIC or dual BICs. In this work, we present both theoretical investigation and experimental demonstration

He-Ne gaseous ring-laser gyroscopes (RLGs) have brought great breakthroughs in numbers of fields such as inertial navigation and attitude control in the past 50 years. However, their counterparts of all-solid-state, active RLGs have been far behind even though they have a few indispensable advantages. Here, we propose and demonstrate an all-solid-state, active RLG based on a millimeter-sized, single

Inspired by the microstructures found in animal cilia, we have developed, to our knowledge, a novel micro-contact force sensing unit utilizing a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as the fundamental platform. Employing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the biomimetic material, we have fabricated cilia-like structures onto the grating substrate. These structures enable precise detection of micro-contact forces

An optical phased array (OPA) featuring all-solid-state beam steering is a promising component for light detection and ranging (LiDAR). There exists an increasing demand for panoramic perception and rapid target recognition in intricate LiDAR applications, such as security systems and self-driving vehicles. However, the majority of existing OPA approaches suffer from limitations in field of view (FOV)

Polarization-based detection technologies have broad applications across various fields. Integrating polarization with interferometric imaging holds significant promise for simultaneously capturing three-dimensional structure and polarization information. However, existing interferometric polarization measurement methods often rely on complex setups and sacrifice the acquisition rate or axial imaging

AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) still face challenges in achieving high-quality AlGaN material and extracting the strong transverse magnetic (TM) mode emission (which is influenced by valence band splitting inversion). Particularly, these challenges impact devices with wavelengths shorter than 250 nm on their optical power and wall-plug efficiency (WPE) due to an increased

The cold atom qubit platform emerges as an attractive choice for the next stage of quantum computation research, where a special family of synthetic analytical pulses has considerably improved the experimental performance of Controlled-PHASE Rydberg blockade gates in recent studies. The success of Controlled-PHASE Rydberg blockade gates triggers the intriguing question of whether the two-qubit Rydberg

Ultracold atoms with cavity-mediated long-range interactions offer a promising platform for exploring emergent quantum phenomena. Building on recent experimental progress, we propose a novel scheme to create supersolid square and plane wave phases in spin-1/2 condensates. We demonstrate that the self-ordered supersolid phase supports an undamped gapless Goldstone mode across a broad parameter regime

The transportable optical clock can be deployed in various transportation vehicles, including aviation, aerospace, maritime, and land-based vehicles; provides remote time standards for geophysical monitoring and distributed coherent sensing; and promotes the unmanned and lightweight development of global time network synchronization. However, the current transportable version of laboratory optical

Time-of-flight (ToF) sensing technology demands precise optical pulse control for high-resolution three-dimensional imaging applications. Herein, vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays with different power ratings (1 W, 2 W, and 2.5 W) were optimized to achieve enhanced temporal precision for ToF applications. The analysis of the regional lasing behavior and gain-switched pulsation of

Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmons are crucial for various ultrathin photonic devices. However, these applications are often limited by inherent metallic losses. Significant efforts have been made to achieve high quality-factor (Q-factor) resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces, particularly through surface lattice resonances (SLRs) and bound states in the continuum (BICs). Despite these

Moiré meta-devices facilitate continuous and precise modulation of optical properties through the alteration of the relative alignment, such as twisting, sliding, or rotating of the metasurfaces. This capability renders them particularly suitable for dynamic applications, including zoom optics and adaptive imaging systems. Nevertheless, such designs often sacrifice more complex functionalities, such

In this study, we propose and demonstrate an all-fiber orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) mode encoding system, where through helical fiber gratings (HFGs), binary symbols are encoded to or decoded from two OAM modes with topological charges (TCs) of −1 and +1, respectively. We experimentally validate that the OAM mode generated by a clockwise-helix HFG (cHFG) can be converted back into fundamental mode

Ytterbium ion (Yb3+)-doped lasers are widely used in precision machining and precision measurement fields because of their high efficiency and high power, which are primarily based on solid-state lasers and fiber lasers. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip Yb3+-doped thin-film lithium niobate (Yb:TFLN) Fabry–Perot microcavity laser. We achieve single-frequency laser operation at 1030 and 1060 nm with a

Optical skyrmions, as quasiparticles with non-trivial topological structures, have garnered significant attention in recent years. This paper proposes a method for customized spin angular momentum (SAM) distribution in highly localized focal fields, thereby enabling the generation of SAM skyrmion and bimeron topologies. The skyrmionic SAM textures can be flexibly controlled, such as polarity, vorticity

Deep learning has rapidly advanced amidst the proliferation of large models, leading to challenges in computational resources and power consumption. Optical neural networks (ONNs) offer a solution by shifting computation to optics, thereby leveraging the benefits of low power consumption, low latency, and high parallelism. The current training paradigm for ONNs primarily relies on backpropagation (BP)

In microwave communication systems, focusing and imaging have attracted widespread attention due to their application prospects in the information processing and communication fields. Most existing multi-channel focusing and imaging are implemented by interleaved metasurfaces. However, the disadvantages of their large size and low efficiency limit their practical applications in large-capacity and

Photonic integrated switches that are both space and wavelength selective are a highly promising technology for data-intensive applications as they benefit from multi-dimensional manipulation of optical signals. However, scaling these switches normally poses stringent challenges such as increased fabrication complexity and control difficulties, due to the growing number of switching elements. In this

Element doping can break the crystal symmetry and realize the topological phase transition in quantum materials, which enables the precise modulation of energy band structure and microscopic dynamical interaction. Herein, we have studied the ultrafast photocarrier dynamics in Zn-doped 3D topological Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 utilizing time-resolved optical pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy. Comparing

The optical Vernier effect has garnered significant research attention and found widespread applications in enhancing the measurement sensitivity of optical fiber interferometric sensors. Typically, Vernier sensor interrogation involves measuring its optical spectrum across a wide wavelength range using a high-precision spectrometer. This process is further complicated by the intricate signal processing

The integration of near-infrared genetically encoded reporters (NIR-GERs) with photoacoustic (PA) imaging enables visualizing deep-seated functions of specific cell populations at high resolution, though the imaging depth is primarily constrained by reporters’ PA response intensity. Directed evolution can optimize NIR-GERs’ performance for PA imaging, yet precise quantifying of PA responses in mutant

Broadband polarization measurement plays a crucial role in numerous fields, spanning from fundamental physics to a wide range of practical applications. However, traditional approaches typically rely on combinations of various dispersive optical elements, requiring bulky systems and complicated time-consuming multiple procedures. Here we have achieved broadband spectropolarimetry based on single-shot

In Floquet engineering, we apply a time-periodic modulation to change the effective behavior of a wave system. In this work, we generalize Floquet engineering to more fully exploit spatial degrees of freedom, expanding the scope of effective behaviors we can access. We develop a perturbative procedure to engineer space-time dependent driving forces that effectively transform broad classes of tight-binding