Resistance training (RT) is widely regarded as the gold standard approach for enhancing muscular fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, and muscular endurance) in youth while also providing health and physical fitness benefits traditionally associated with aerobic training (e.g., enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness, reduced body fat, improved insulin sensitivity). Additionally, while bone health can be improved following RT (particularly after plyometric jump training), aerobic training may result in a lesser or even neutral impact on bone mineral density enhancement (e.g., swimming). Regarding mental health and cognition, while aerobic training has well-established positive effects, preliminary evidence in obese youth suggests that RT may offer greater benefits in certain aspects compared to aerobic training. Additionally, RT can reduce the risk and incidence of injuries in youth. Overall, we argue in this Current Opinion article that the current consideration of RT as an additional, rather than essential (possibly even the most essential), aspect of physical activity in current national and international guidelines needs to be reconsidered. Overall, there is an urgent need to inform relevant stakeholders that, while aerobic activities remain essential, the next generation of physical activity guidelines should place greater emphasis on the particular importance of RT, providing more comprehensive guidance on its implementation for youth.

阻力训练 （RT） 被广泛认为是增强青少年肌肉健康（即肌肉力量、爆发力和肌肉耐力）的黄金标准方法，同时还提供传统上与有氧训练相关的健康和身体健康益处（例如，增强心肺健康、减少体脂、提高胰岛素敏感性）。此外，虽然 RT 后可以改善骨骼健康（尤其是在增强式跳跃训练后），但有氧训练可能对骨密度增强（例如游泳）的影响较小甚至中性。关于心理健康和认知，虽然有氧训练具有公认的积极影响，但肥胖青年的初步证据表明，与有氧训练相比，RT 可能在某些方面提供更大的益处。此外，RT 可以降低青少年受伤的风险和发生率。总的来说，我们在这篇 Current Opinion 文章中认为，目前在当前国家和国际指南中将 RT 视为身体活动的附加方面，而不是必要（甚至可能是最必要的）方面，需要重新考虑。总体而言，迫切需要告知相关利益相关者，虽然有氧活动仍然是必不可少的，但下一代体育活动指南应更加强调 RT 的特殊重要性，为青少年实施 RT 提供更全面的指导。