Ultraviolet filters (UVFs) are widely used in personal care products, their occurrence in the environment and potential detrimental effects on human health have raised significant concerns. This case-control study included 102 women—34 with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and 68 healthy controls—and aimed to investigate the association between UVF exposure and DOR. We collected and analyzed follicular fluid (FF) samples from women diagnosed with DOR and compared them to samples from a control group, measuring the concentrations of 16 different UVFs. Four individual compounds showed significantly higher concentrations in the DOR group: octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), UV-P, UV-328, and Ensulizole. The cumulative concentration of ten UVFs with detection frequencies above 50 % was also markedly elevated in the DOR group (median ΣUVFs: 178.96 ng/mL vs. 23.93 ng/mL, p < 0.001). OMC exhibited the highest median concentration (170.81 ng/mL in DOR vs. 20.77 ng/mL in controls, p < 0.001), followed by UV-P, UV-328, and Ensulizole. Spearman analysis revealed significant negative correlations between OMC concentrations with ovarian reserve biomarkers such as anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and the number of oocytes retrieved during ovarian stimulation cycles, while exhibiting a positive correlation with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Adjusted logistic regression models demonstrated that elevated OMC levels were associated with a 3.8-fold increased risk of DOR (95 % CI: 1.943–9.782, p < 0.001). These results highlight the urgent need for further investigation into the mechanisms by which UVFs affect ovarian reserve, as well as their potential long-term implications for fertility.

中文翻译：

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紫外线滤光片卵泡液浓度升高与卵巢储备减少相关：一项病例对照研究

紫外线过滤剂 （UVF） 广泛用于个人护理产品中，它们在环境中的出现以及对人类健康的潜在有害影响引起了人们的极大关注。这项病例对照研究包括 102 名女性——34 名卵巢储备功能减退 （DOR） 和 68 名健康对照者——旨在调查 UVF 暴露与 DOR 之间的关联。我们收集并分析了被诊断患有 DOR 的女性的卵泡液 （FF） 样本，并将它们与对照组的样本进行比较，测量了 16 种不同 UVF 的浓度。四种化合物在 DOR 组中显示出显著较高的浓度：甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯 （OMC）、UV-P、UV-328 和 Ensulizole。DOR 组检测频率高于 50 % 的 10 个 UVF 的累积浓度也显著升高（中位 ΣUVFs：178.96 ng/mL vs. 23.93 ng/mL，p < 0.001）。OMC 的中位浓度最高 （DOR 为 170.81 ng/mL，对照组为 20.77 ng/mL，p < 0.001），其次是 UV-P 、 UV-328 和 Ensulizole。Spearman 分析显示，OMC 浓度与卵巢储备生物标志物（如抗苗勒管激素 （AMH）、窦卵泡计数 （AFC））和卵巢刺激周期中回收的卵母细胞数量呈显著负相关，同时与促卵泡激素 （FSH） 水平呈正相关。调整后的 logistic 回归模型表明，OMC 水平升高与 DOR 风险增加 3.8 倍相关 （95 % CI： 1.943–9.782，p < 0.001）。这些结果突出了进一步研究 UVF 影响卵巢储备的机制及其对生育能力的潜在长期影响的迫切需要。