Engineering a catalytic and hydrophilic membrane integrated system holds significant environmental implications for fouling-resistant and efficient water purification. The heterojunction Cu₂O/Ti₃C₂T_x was successfully synthesized by leveraging the specific interactions between the terminal active groups of MXene and Cu₂O, effectively addressing the limitations of the catalytic membrane’s performance due to low-dose doping, and enhancing its catalytic activity and hydrophilicity. Here we report a ultra-low Cu(I) loading that achieves ultra-high fouling-resistance and decontamination performance in a self-cleaning Cu₂O/Ti₃C₂T_x@PVDF catalytic membrane integrated system. The representative membrane incorporating 1.0 wt% of Cu₂O/Ti₃C₂T_x (denoted as M-1.0) as a PMS activator demonstrated the successful performance of long-lasting antifouling and sustainable decontamination across a wide pH range in complex water matrices. The intrinsic Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox cycles was found to be crucial for driving PMS activation and oxidative conversion. Moreover, the Cu₂O/Ti₃C₂T_x-functionalized membrane demonstrated enhanced hydrophilicity and fouling-resistance compared to the pristine PVDF membrane. We further investigate the transformation and ecotoxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A and its intermediates within the M-1.0/PMS membrane system, providing valuable insights into the evolutionary dynamics of TBBPA. This work offers innovative perspectives for advancing environmental purification, membrane self-cleaning, and resources utilization technologies.

中文翻译：

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超低 Cu（I） 负载量，在自清洁 Cu2O/Ti3C2Tx@PVDF 催化膜集成系统中实现超高的抗污染性和去污性能

设计催化亲水膜集成系统对防污和高效净化水具有重大的环境影响。利用 MXene 和 Cu₂O 末端活性基团之间的特异性相互作用，成功合成了异质结 Cu₂O/Ti₃C₂T_x，有效解决了低剂量掺杂对催化膜性能的限制，增强了其催化活性和亲水性。在这里，我们报告了一种超低的 Cu（I） 负载，可在自清洁 Cu₂O/Ti₃C₂T_x@PVDF 催化膜集成系统中实现超高的抗污染性和去污性能。含有 1.0 wt% Cu₂O/Ti₃C₂T_x（记为 M-1.0）作为 PMS 活化剂的代表性膜证明了在复杂水基质中较宽的 pH 值范围内实现持久防污和可持续净化的成功性能。发现内禀的 Cu（I）/Cu（II） 氧化还原循环对于驱动 PMS 激活和氧化转化至关重要。此外，与原始 PVDF 膜相比，Cu₂O/Ti₃C₂T_x 功能化膜表现出更强的亲水性和抗污染性。我们进一步研究了四溴双酚 A 及其中间体在 M-1.0/PMS 膜系统中的转化和生态毒性，为 TBBPA 的进化动力学提供了有价值的见解。这项工作为推进环境净化、膜自清洁和资源利用技术提供了创新视角。