Introduction

Green spaces and blue spaces associate positively with mental health outcomes. However, research on their effects within the perinatal population is limited. The unique needs and circumstances of this group and their increased risk for poor mental health underscore the importance of understanding their relationship with their immediate physical environments. The current study investigates how proximity to green spaces and blue spaces relate to perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms and if the strength of this relationship varies over the perinatal period (prenatal, and 3, 6, 12, & 24 months postpartum).

Methods

Green (NDVI, tree canopy) and blue space (distance from the nearest water body) measures from the Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium were linked to depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and anxiety (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) data from the pan-Canadian Pregnancy during the COVID-19 Pandemic (PdP; n = 10,866) cohort study.

Results

Greater NDVI (−0.91 (−1.77, −0.05) and shorter distance to water bodies (−0.14 (−0.24, −0.03)) were associated with fewer perinatal depression symptoms. On probing interactions with time, the relationship between tree canopy and NDVI varied over time for both depression and anxiety symptoms, with strongest associations at the prenatal time point. Effects of distance to water bodies did not vary over time.

Conclusion

Green spaces and blue spaces were associated with fewer perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms, particularly during pregnancy. These findings suggest the need for studies to determine if exposure to green and blue spaces can contribute to reduced depression and anxiety symptoms in expectant individuals.

中文翻译：

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绿色和蓝色空间在向父母过渡期间围产期孕产妇心理健康结果中的作用

  介绍

绿色空间和蓝色空间与心理健康结果呈正相关。然而，关于它们在围产期人群中影响的研究是有限的。这个群体的独特需求和情况以及他们心理健康状况不佳的风险增加，凸显了了解他们与直接物理环境的关系的重要性。当前的研究调查了与绿色空间和蓝色空间的接近如何与围产期抑郁和焦虑症状有关，以及这种关系的强度是否在围产期（产前和产后3、6、12和24个月）发生变化。

  方法

来自加拿大城市环境健康研究联盟的绿色（NDVI，树冠）和蓝色空间（与最近水体的距离）措施与 COVID-19 大流行期间泛加拿大妊娠 （PdP;n = 10,866） 队列研究的抑郁（爱丁堡产后抑郁量表）和焦虑（患者报告结果测量信息系统）数据有关。

  结果

较高的 NDVI （-0.91 （-1.77， -0.05） 和较短的到水体的距离 （-0.14 （-0.24， -0.03）） 与较少的围产期抑郁症状相关。在探索与时间的交互作用时，树冠与 NDVI 之间的关系在抑郁和焦虑症状方面随时间变化，在产前时间点的相关性最强。与水体的距离的影响不随时间变化。

  结论

绿色空间和蓝色空间与较少的围产期抑郁和焦虑症状相关，尤其是在怀孕期间。这些发现表明需要进行研究来确定暴露于绿色和蓝色空间是否有助于减少孕妇的抑郁和焦虑症状。