In this study, WC-Ni cemented carbide, which has mechanical properties inferior to those of WC-Co cemented carbide, was hardened using Ni alloys. Changes in the solid-solution strengthening factors (shear modulus, lattice strain, and solute concentration) with the type and content of solute elements were investigated in Ni alloys, and the requirements of the solute elements for hardening WC-Ni were studied. When Co was used as a solute element, the Ni alloys became stiffer, making the shear modulus the most dominant factor in the hardening of WC-Ni. However, when Cu and W are used as solute elements, WC-Ni hardening occurs mainly by lattice strain. The evaluation of the Ni alloy properties confirmed that the lattice strain was more effective than the shear modulus, resulting in WC-Ni hardness properties in the order WC-(Ni_1-xCo_x) < WC-(Ni_1-xCu_x) < WC-(Ni_1-xW_x). Finally, it was found that the hardness properties of WC-(Ni_1-xCo_x), WC-(Ni_1-xCu_x), and WC-(Ni_1-xW_x) were in the range of 15.2–15.6, 14.6–18.0, and 16.6–19.7 GPa, respectively, which are higher than the previously reported hardness values of WC-Ni/Co cemented carbides with metallic phases of 10 wt%. In addition, it was confirmed that the hardness and fracture toughness of WC-Ni can be tuned by changing the type and proportion of solute elements in the Ni alloy. The Ni-alloyed WC-Ni presented in this study not only exhibits high hardness but also enables property control through alloy element adjustment, which is expected to contribute to the production of tools for high-speed machining and customized tools.

中文翻译：

---

影响 Ni 合金中不同溶质元素的 WC-（Ni1-xMx）（M = Co、Cu、W）硬质合金硬化的因素

在这项研究中，使用 Ni 合金对机械性能不如 WC-Co 硬质合金的 WC-Ni 硬质合金进行了硬化。研究了 Ni 合金中固溶体强化因子 （剪切模量、晶格应变和溶质浓度） 随溶质元素类型和含量的变化，并研究了溶质元素对 WC-Ni 硬化的要求。当 Co 用作溶质元素时，Ni 合金变得更硬，使剪切模量成为 WC-Ni 硬化的最主要因素。然而，当 Cu 和 W 用作溶质元素时，WC-Ni 硬化主要由晶格应变发生。对 Ni 合金性能的评估证实，晶格应变比剪切模量更有效，导致 WC-Ni 硬度性能顺序为 WC-（Ni _1-x Co _x ） < WC-（Ni _1-x Cu _x ） < WC-（Ni _1-x W _x ）。最后，发现 WC-（Ni _1-x Co _x ）、WC-（Ni _1-x Cu _x ） 和 WC-（Ni _1-x W _x ） 的硬度性能分别在 15.2-15.6、14.6-18.0 和 16.6-19.7 GPa 的范围内，高于先前报道的金属相为 10 wt% 的 WC-Ni/Co 硬质合金的硬度值。此外，还证实了 WC-Ni 的硬度和断裂韧性可以通过改变 Ni 合金中溶质元素的类型和比例来调整。本研究中提出的镍合金 WC-Ni 不仅具有高硬度，而且可以通过调整合金元素来控制性能，这有望为高速加工工具和定制工具的生产做出贡献。