This study investigates the suitability of a hybrid system combining membrane filtration and ozone oxidation for efficiently treating pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in hospital wastewater. Two feedstocks, untreated (F-1) and biologically treated wastewater (F-2), were used to determine the optimal system location for maximizing PPCPs reduction. F-2 application was found to be more effective based on the observed reaction rate constant, membrane performance, and structural transitions. The cleaning chemicals and foulant layer formation caused structural changes in both the PAN and α-Al₂O₃ membranes. Moreover, contact angle measurements confirmed that increased hydrophobicity induced contaminant attraction and decreased the membrane flux. Performance evaluation results revealed 77.87 % (PAN) and 74.13 % (α-Al₂O₃) reductions in total organic carbon from F-2. The decrease in membrane flux was observed in the following order: α-Al₂O₃ (F-1) > PAN (F-1) > PAN (F-2) > α- Al₂O₃ (F-2). Pseudo-first-order fitting confirmed that the degradation rate constants (k₁) were higher under the F-2 exposure conditions. The order of degradation rate is carbamazepine > trimethoprim > atenolol > acetaminophen > sulfamethoxazole > caffeine. Analysis of degradation pathways and toxicity suggests that transformation products formed during membrane + O₃/UV hybridized process are environmentally benign and do not pose significant health risks.

中文翻译：

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陶瓷和聚合物膜在混合系统（膜 + O3/UV）中的应用性能评价，用于从医院废水中去除药品和个人护理产品 （PPCP）

本研究调查了结合膜过滤和臭氧氧化的混合系统在有效处理医院废水中的药物和个人护理产品 （PPCP） 方面的适用性。使用两种原料，即未经处理的 （F-1） 和生物处理的废水 （F-2），来确定最大限度地提高 PPCP 减少的最佳系统位置。根据观察到的反应速率常数、膜性能和结构转变，发现 F-2 应用更有效。清洁化学品和污垢层的形成导致 PAN 和 α-Al₂O₃ 膜的结构发生变化。此外，接触角测量证实，疏水性增加会诱导污染物吸引并降低膜通量。性能评估结果显示，F-2 的总有机碳减少了 77.87% （PAN） 和 74.13% （α-Al₂O₃）。按以下顺序观察到膜通量的降低： α-Al₂O₃ （F-1） > PAN （F-1） > PAN （F-2） > α- Al₂O₃ （F-2）。伪一级拟合证实，在 F-2 暴露条件下，降解速率常数 （k₁） 更高。降解速率的顺序是卡马西平 > 甲氧苄啶 > 阿替洛尔 > 对乙酰氨基酚 > 磺胺甲噁唑 > 咖啡因。降解途径和毒性分析表明，在膜 + O₃/UV 杂化过程中形成的转化产物对环境无害，不会造成重大健康风险。