Life on Earth is a mosaic distributed across biogeographical regions. Their regional species pools have experienced distinct historical and eco-evolutionary pressures, leading to an expected context-dependent organization of biodiversity. Here we identify a general spatial organization within biogeographical regions of terrestrial and marine vertebrates, invertebrates and plants (more than 30,000 species). We detect seven types of areas in these biogeographical regions that reflect unique combinations of four fundamental aspects of biodiversity (species richness, range size, endemicity and biogeographical transitions). These areas form ordered layers from the core to the transition zones of the biogeographical regions, reflecting gradients in the biodiversity aspects, experiencing distinct environmental conditions, and exhibiting taxonomic dissimilarities due to nestedness. These findings suggest this ubiquitous organization is mainly driven by the action of two complementary environmental filters, one acting on species from regional hotspots and the other on species from permeable biogeographical boundaries. The influence of these regional filters extends across spatial scales and shapes global patterns of species richness. Regional biodiversity follows a universal core-to-transition organization governed by general forces operating across the tree of life and space.

地球上的生命是分布在生物地理区域的马赛克。它们的区域物种库经历了独特的历史和生态进化压力，导致了预期的依赖于环境的生物多样性组织。在这里，我们确定了陆地和海洋脊椎动物、无脊椎动物和植物（超过 30,000 种）的生物地理区域内的一般空间组织。我们在这些生物地理区域中发现了七种类型的区域，这些区域反映了生物多样性四个基本方面（物种丰富度、范围大小、地方性和生物地理转变）的独特组合。这些区域形成从生物地理区域的核心到过渡带的有序层，反映了生物多样性方面的梯度，经历了不同的环境条件，并由于嵌套性而表现出分类学差异。这些发现表明，这种无处不在的组织主要是由两个互补的环境过滤器的作用驱动的，一个作用于来自区域热点的物种，另一个作用于来自可渗透生物地理边界的物种。这些区域过滤器的影响延伸到空间尺度，并塑造了物种丰富度的全球模式。区域生物多样性遵循一个通用的核心到过渡组织，该组织由在生命之树和太空中运作的一般力量管理。