The global shift to electric vehicles necessitates the expansion of Direct Current Fast Charging (DCFC) stations, yet the related environmental and public health impacts remain unclear. Here, we report that the power cabinet at DCFC stations emit fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). We collected integrated filter samples from 50 DCFC stations across 47 cities in Los Angeles County, California. The daily PM_2.5 concentrations were between 7.3 and 39.0 µg m⁻³, significantly higher than urban background sites (p = 0.02) and the nearest U.S. EPA monitoring stations (p < 0.0001). To understand the emission mechanism of these particles, we measured real-time PM_2.5 mass concentration, particle size distribution, and other pollutants, as well as characterized particle chemical compositions on integrated filter samples. Our results indicate that these particles, primarily in the sub-micrometer range (0.5–1.0 µm), are likely due to particle resuspension from the power cabinets. PM_2.5 samples from power cabinets showed higher levels of brake and tire wear tracers (Ba, Cu, Zn) and dust tracers (Ca, Al, Fe) compared to samples from nearby chargers and background sites. With no current emission standards for DCFC, managing particle resuspension is crucial for improving air quality and protecting public health as transportation electrification advances.

中文翻译：

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电动汽车快速充电站排放的细颗粒物

全球向电动汽车的转变需要扩大直流快速充电 （DCFC） 站，但相关的环境和公共卫生影响仍不清楚。在这里，我们报告了 DCFC 站的电源柜会排放细颗粒物 （PM _2.5 ）。我们从加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县 47 个城市的 50 个 DCFC 站收集了集成过滤器样本。每日 PM _2.5 浓度在 7.3 至 39.0 μg m ⁻³ 之间，显著高于城市背景站点 （p = 0.02） 和最近的美国 EPA 监测站 （p < 0.0001）。为了了解这些颗粒的排放机制，我们测量了实时 PM _2.5 质量浓度、粒径分布和其他污染物，以及表征集成过滤器样品上的颗粒化学成分。我们的结果表明，这些颗粒，主要在亚微米范围 （0.5–1.0 μm），可能是由于颗粒从电源柜中重新悬浮造成的。与来自附近充电器和背景站点的样品相比，来自电源柜的 PM _2.5 样品显示更高水平的制动器和轮胎磨损示踪剂（Ba、Cu、Zn）和灰尘示踪剂（Ca、Al、Fe）。由于目前没有 DCFC 排放标准，随着交通电气化的推进，管理颗粒物再悬浮对于改善空气质量和保护公众健康至关重要。