Solid-state lithium batteries (SSBs) are poised to revolutionize energy storage, offering significant advantages over liquid electrolyte counterparts, including enhanced safety, higher energy density, and wider operating temperature ranges. This review explores the considerable opportunities presented by SSBs for next-generation energy storage applications and discusses recent advancements in solid-state electrolyte (SEs) materials, including ceramics, polymers, and composite electrolytes, highlighting their respective strengths and weaknesses in terms of ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and mechanical properties. Significant efforts have been directed toward mitigating lithium dendrite formation by designing optimized SE architectures and employing protective layers. Despite these promising developments, considerable limitations remain, including challenges in achieving high ionic conductivity at room temperature, interfacial resistance at the electrode-electrolyte interface, and the high cost and scalability of manufacturing processes. Ultimately, we aim to provide a balanced perspective on the potential and challenges facing SSBs, offering insights into the path towards their widespread adoption and transformative impact on future energy systems.

中文翻译：

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固态锂电池：下一代储能的机遇和局限

固态锂电池 （SSB） 有望彻底改变储能，与液体电解质相比具有显著优势，包括增强的安全性、更高的能量密度和更宽的工作温度范围。本文探讨了 SSB 为下一代储能应用提供的巨大机会，并讨论了固态电解质 （SEs） 材料（包括陶瓷、聚合物和复合电解质）的最新进展，强调了它们在离子电导率、电化学稳定性和机械性能方面各自的优缺点。通过设计优化的 SE 架构和采用保护层，人们已经做出了重大努力来减少锂枝晶的形成。尽管有这些有希望的发展，但仍然存在相当大的局限性，包括在室温下实现高离子电导率的挑战、电极-电解质界面的界面电阻以及制造工艺的高成本和可扩展性。最终，我们的目标是就 SSB 面临的潜力和挑战提供平衡的观点，为其广泛采用和对未来能源系统的变革性影响提供见解。