Copper phosphate (CP) electrode active material exhibits excellent electrical conductivity, which promotes high electron transfer. Nevertheless, its electrochemical performance is hindered by morphology, where aggregated structure will significantly reduce the surface area for electrochemical reaction. Therefore, sonication method is employed as a simple, fast, cost-effective, and greener approach to fabricate the active material and simultaneously exfoliate the aggregated structure to obtain a larger surface area. Herein, CP materials were fabricated via two different sonication methods: ultrasonic bath sonication and probe sonication, for the duration of 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Both sonication techniques can exfoliate the active materials, providing a larger surface area for electrochemical reactions and thereby improving electrochemical performances. Among them, probe sonication exfoliates the material more effectively in a shorter duration than ultrasonic bath sonication. This is owing to the ultrasonic waves generated by the probe sonication process being directly transferred to the sample, allowing more efficient exfoliation of the active material. Consequently, the CP-5p electrode, which was prepared via 5 minutes of probe sonication, displaying the highest specific capacity of 480.8 C/g at 5 mV/s. The larger interspaced open-flake morphology of CP-5p material offered a larger surface area for faradaic reaction. Hence, it was selected to form the supercapattery (CP-5p//AC) by coupling with activated carbon (AC) capacitor-type electrode, exhibiting high specific energy of 65.96 Wh/kg and high capacity retention of 85.7% after 6000 cycles. These findings highlighted the effectiveness of probe sonication in short duration for formulating the high-performing CP active material for supercapattery.

中文翻译：

---

使用不同的超声处理技术合成用于 Supercapattery 的高性能磷酸铜活性材料

磷酸铜 （CP） 电极活性材料表现出优异的导电性，可促进高电子转移。然而，其电化学性能受到形态学的阻碍，其中聚集结构会显着减少电化学反应的表面积。因此，超声处理方法是一种简单、快速、经济高效且更环保的方法来制造活性材料，同时剥离聚集体结构以获得更大的表面积。在此，CP 材料通过两种不同的超声处理方法制造：超声波浴超声处理和探针超声处理，持续时间为 5、10 和 15 分钟。两种超声处理技术都可以去除活性材料，为电化学反应提供更大的表面积，从而提高电化学性能。其中，探针超声处理比超声波浴超声处理在更短的时间内更有效地去除材料。这是因为探针超声处理过程产生的超声波直接转移到样品上，从而可以更有效地去除活性材料。因此，通过 5 分钟的探针超声处理制备的 CP-5p 电极在 5 mV/s 时显示出 480.8 C/g 的最高比容量。CP-5p 材料较大的间隔开片形态为法拉第反应提供了更大的表面积。因此，通过与活性炭 （AC） 电容器型电极耦合，选择它形成超级电容器 （CP-5p//AC），在 65.96 次循环后表现出 65.96 Wh/kg 的高比能量和 85.7% 的高容量保持率。 这些发现强调了探针超声处理在短时间内配制用于 supercapattery 的高性能 CP 活性材料的有效性。