The exploration of eco-friendly and sustainable processing has become a central focus of the manufacture of multifunctional eco-leather in the leather industry. Understanding the structural stabilization of type I collagen fibers by active substances is a key issue for the conversion of collagen fibers into a leather matrix. Here, we proposed an effective strategy for tailored structural stabilization of collagen fibers by dual-functionalized two-dimensional zirconium phosphate nanoplatelets (ZrP NPs) to optimize a tannic acid (TA)-based wet-white tanning system toward multifunctional eco-leather manufacture. The results indicated that dual-functionalized ZrP NPs were successfully achieved by surface-grafting of building blocks (i.e., gallic acid and acrylic acid) onto the surfaces of ZrP NPs. Through examining the influence of dual-functionalized ZrP NPs and final pH value on tanning efficiency, we established a wet-white tanning system based on 10 wt % TA and 3 wt % dual-functionalized ZrP NPs at a final pH of 3.5. Moreover, hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interactions between the dual-functionalized ZrP NPs and collagen fibers stabilized the microstructures of the collagen fibers, enabling hierarchical incorporation of the dual-functionalized NPs with the eco-leather matrix. Besides, the dual-functionalized NPs exhibited not only effective penetration into the microstructures of collagen fibers but also sufficient binding onto the collagen fibers without altering native D-periodic banding patterns of collagen fibrils. We anticipate these findings will offer multiscale insights into tailored structural stabilization of type I collagen fibers by two-dimensional nanomaterials for rational design and optimization of a feasible wet-white tanning system toward multifunctional eco-leather manufacture.

中文翻译：

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通过双功能化二维 ZrP 纳米片实现胶原纤维定制结构稳定性的多尺度见解

探索环保和可持续加工已成为皮革行业多功能生态皮革制造的中心重点。了解活性物质对 I 型胶原纤维的结构稳定性是将胶原纤维转化为皮革基质的关键问题。在这里，我们提出了一种通过双重功能化二维磷酸锆纳米片 （ZrP NPs） 对胶原纤维进行定制结构稳定的有效策略，以优化基于单宁酸 （TA） 的湿白鞣制系统，以实现多功能生态皮革制造。结果表明，通过将构建单元（即没食子酸和丙烯酸）表面接枝到 ZrP NPs 表面，成功实现了双重功能化的 ZrP NPs。通过检查双功能化 ZrP NPs 和最终 pH 值对鞣制效率的影响，我们建立了一种基于最终 pH 值为 3.5 的基于 10 wt % TA 和 3 wt % 双官能化 ZrP NPs 的湿白鞣制系统。此外，双功能化 ZrP NP 和胶原纤维之间的氢键和静电相互作用稳定了胶原纤维的微观结构，使双功能化 NP 能够分层掺入生态皮革基体。此外，双功能化的 NPs 不仅表现出对胶原纤维微观结构的有效渗透，而且在不改变胶原纤维的天然 D 周期条带模式的情况下与胶原纤维充分结合。 我们预计这些发现将为二维纳米材料对 I 型胶原纤维的定制结构稳定性提供多尺度的见解，以合理设计和优化可行的白湿鞣制系统，以实现多功能生态皮革制造。