The metabolic potential and activity of deep-sea microbes have not been fully explored by meta-transcriptomics using the samples obtained by different sampling methods. Here, we report active deep-sea microbes obtained by the methods of multiple in situ nucleic acid collection (MISNAC), in situ microbial filtration and fixation (ISMIFF), in situ microbial filtration without fixation (ISMIFU), and the Niskin bottle at a 1038 m depth in the South China Sea. Higher biodiversity and different dominant active microbial taxa in the metatranscriptomes were detected in the MISNAC and ISMIFF samples compared with the other two approaches. The transcriptional profiles of 40 conserved genes were similar between the MISNAC and ISMIFF samples, while the expression of a quarter of these genes was not detected in the ISMIFU sample. Genes related to the CO oxidation and nitrification processes were highly transcribed in the MISNAC and ISMIFF transcriptomes, whereas those for chemotaxis and low-oxygen adaptation were highly transcribed in the Niskin samples. Overall, our result highlights the importance of in situ sampling and preservation for more precise quantification of the ecological function of active deep-sea microbiomes.

中文翻译：

---

不同采样方法下深海微生物的转录差异

使用不同采样方法获得的样本的元转录组学尚未充分探索深海微生物的代谢潜力和活性。在这里，我们报道了通过多次原位核酸收集 （MISNAC）、原位微生物过滤和固定 （ISMIFF）、原位微生物过滤而不固定 （ISMIFU） 和南海 1038 m 深的 Niskin 瓶获得的方法获得的活性深海微生物。与其他两种方法相比，在 MISNAC 和 ISMIFF 样品中检测到更高的生物多样性和元转录组中不同的优势活性微生物分类群。40 个保守基因的转录谱在 MISNAC 和 ISMIFF 样本之间相似，而在 ISMIFU 样本中未检测到这些基因的四分之一的表达。与 CO 氧化和硝化过程相关的基因在 MISNAC 和 ISMIFF 转录组中高度转录，而用于趋化性和低氧适应的基因在 Niskin 样品中高度转录。总体而言，我们的结果强调了原位采样和保存对于更精确量化活跃深海微生物组的生态功能的重要性。