Earth is the only known planet with plate tectonics, which involves a mobile upper thermal boundary layer. Other terrestrial planets show a one-plate immobile lithosphere, or stagnant lid, that insulates and isolates their interior. Here, we first review the different types of lids that can develop on rocky and icy bodies. As they formed by accretion, involving high-energy impacts, terrestrial planets

The successful implementation of carbon capture and storage depends on mitigating CO2-induced pipeline corrosion. This study simulates supercritical CO2 corrosion of carbon steel under extreme saturated water conditions, comparing corrosion mechanisms in atmospheric, low, and supercritical CO2 environments using weight loss and electrochemical methods. The results show that the corrosion rate in the

In this contribution, a systematic investigation of the effect of the supercritical processing and the incorporation of R-(–)-carvone on the crystalline, thermal, and mechanical properties of polylactic acid films at different temperature (40 °C and 60 °C), CO2 density (278 kg m−3 and 683 kg m−3) and depressurization rate (0.6 MPa min−1 and 6.0 MPa min−1) conditions was performed. scCO2-induced crystallization

The critical parameters of carbon dioxide (CO2) + dimethyl ether binary mixture, including critical temperature and pressure, have been determined by variable-volume view-cell method in this study. The critical point is determined by observing the disappearance and reappearance of the vapor-liquid meniscus at the center of the sapphire viewport. The extended uncertainties of mixture composition, critical

The heat transfer coefficient is a critical parameter for the design and optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) heat exchange systems. Based on 20723 data points collected from 22 published studies, existing heat transfer correlations are evaluated, and a new model with improved stability and predictive accuracy is developed. Current correlations for upward vertical sCO₂ flow typically

With the increasingly serious problem of global climate change, achieving carbon neutrality and peaking has become a common focus of attention for governments and the scientific community. Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology, as an important means to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, plays a crucial role in achieving this goal. Among the various aspects

This study investigated the corrosion behavior of 316 L (316LSS) and 304 (304SS) stainless steels under a Na2SO4 deposition layer in supercritical water (SCW). The salt layer reduced oxide film densification versus pure SCW, with 304SS exhibiting more severe corrosion (e.g., pitting) due to the absence of Mo which resists pitting corrosion. Without the salt layer, oxide film thicknesses were 6.50 µm

The hydrolysis mechanism of ball milled bamboo impregnated with deionized water (B-ball), H2SO4 (B-H2SO4), HCl (B-HCl) and CH3COOH (B-CH3COOH) in subcritical water was investigated in the present study. Various mechanochemical reactions were induced during acid-associated mechanical milling and bamboo with improved solubility, reduced thermal stability and solubility was obtained. Acid-associated mechanical

The carburization and corrosion resistance of heat-resistant materials are crucial for enhancing the safety of supercritical CO2 renewable energy power system. Addressing the compatibility issues between heat-resistant materials and supercritical CO2, this review focuses on material selection, corrosion failure mechanisms, and surface strengthening methods, encompassing both experimental characterization

A Gibbs free energy-based thermodynamic analysis for regular fluids reveals the extension of liquid-vapor (L-V) line, beyond the critical point, to a newly discovered “Dwij point” (DP). At DP, this line turns around and goes back to the melt-solid (S-L) boundary, which together with the S-L and L-V lines delimits the region of liquid/supercritical liquid-like (L/SCLL) state. Consequently, a thermodynamic

In this paper we formulate and analyze an elementary model for the extinction of hydrothermal flames in laminar reactive jets experimentally observed in an aqueous environment at pressures exceeding the critical point of water. This work is motivated by experimental studies of the dynamics of hydrothermal flames performed at the high-pressure laboratory of the NASA Glenn Research Center. Guided by

The polymerization of lactones has revealed the potential of polylactones for preparing biomaterials with attractive properties for biomedical applications. The use of green solvents and biocatalysts are fundamental steps towards the circularity of the synthesis of these polymers. Supercritical carbon dioxide has emerged as a green solvent for a variety of processes due to its hybrid liquid-gas properties

In this study, the fatty acid composition and antitumor potential of pumpkin seed extracts, obtained through ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized ethanol extraction (PEE) against melanoma cells was studied. An experimental design was employed to optimize parameters in both methods and gas chromatography identified the extracts based on fatty acids. SK-MEL-28 and A375 melanoma cells

The present study investigated supercritical CO2 extraction (SCE) of β-carotene and lipids from wet biomass of the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides to assess its potential as a green and energy-effective extraction process. The influence of the water content of the biomass on the extraction kinetics was investigated by performing SCE with biomass with different water contents (80.3 wt%, 40 wt%

This review explores the advances in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) for the analysis and purification of lipids achieved over the past decade. Lipidomics has become an essential tool in numerous fields such as biology and food science. Compared to liquid and gas chromatography, SFC, which utilizes supercritical CO₂ as a mobile phase, offers faster analysis, reduced solvent use, and improved

This work aims to prepare biodegradable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE) foam with excellent mechanical properties after blending and chain extension. The results showed that the introduction of TPAE increased the foaming temperature of the PBAT/TPAE blend foams, improved the foaming performance, reduced the shrinkage, and enhanced the compressive

Ionic liquids have already been studied as parts of biphasic reaction media or have been demonstrated as an option for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2). Their phase behaviour in the presence of supercritical CO2 is often of key importance in the design of high-pressure procedures. The melting behaviour of tetrabutylammonium halides was investigated from 0.1 to 40 MPa pressure. Measurements were taken

The supercritical CO2 biomass gasification technology can both reduce CO2 to produce CO gas and efficiently utilize biomass energy. This study employs a supersonic nozzle to achieve clean separation of gas products from supercritical CO2 biomass gasification, enabling CO2 recycling and reducing the cost of further CO purification. Numerical simulation results indicate that the inlet conditions of the

In this study the individual effects of water/binder (0.44, 0.35, 0.30, and 0.25), polycarboxylate superplasticizer- PCE (0.07 wt%, 0.14 wt%, and 0.21 wt%), defoamer-DF (0.5 % and 1 %), and silica fume-SF (10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt%) admixtures in oil well cement Class G properties were investigated before and after exposure to CO2 under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) of 150 bar and 70°C

This study explores and optimises the innovative supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) drying process for tuna fillets (Thunnnus albacares), offering a sustainable alternative for food preservation. Using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), we assessed the effect of drying time (120–360 min), temperature (35–45°C), and flow rate (15–25 kg/h) at 10 MPa on key quality attributes: moisture content

Numerical simulation of the behavior of supercritical CO2 during the entire fracturing operations is performed to investigate the pressurization features and flow characteristics before and after rock breakdown. To achieve these goals, a numerical model coupling fluid convective heat transfer and conduction heat from the formation is developed. Results indicate that the accumulation of CO2 density

This work aims at preliminary evaluating the techno-economic feasibility of a biolubricant production process starting from lignin and waste cooking oil, to be integrated in a lignocellulosic biorefinery. A phenyl-branched FAMEs mixture is obtained, which exhibit improved lubricity and oxidative stability compared to standard FAMEs-based biolubricants. The product is obtained exploiting aromatic hydrocarbons

Both experimental and theoretical studies of drug solubility in supercritical CO2 are essential for optimizing supercritical techniques in pharmaceutical formulation. This study explores the solubility of Chlorothiazide and Chloroquine, two drugs with low solubility and bioavailability, in supercritical CO₂ using various theoretical models, including empirical models, a non-cubic equation of state

The recovery of bioactive compounds from spent hops from dry-hopping was obtained by pressurized liquid (PLE) and supercritical fluids (SFE) with cosolvent. PLE was performed at 10 MPa, with 50, 75, and 100 wt% ethanol in water at 70, 90, and 110 °C. SFE was performed using carbon dioxide with 10 wt% ethanol at 15, 25, and 35 MPa, and 40, 50, and 60 °C. The extracts were evaluated in terms of global

Distillation has been widely applied for the recovery of Tagetes patula L. essential oil, while fractional supercritical fluid extraction of this plant with carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) remains underexplored and data on the volatiles and phytochemicals in CO2 extracts have not been reported. This study investigated the fractionation of T. patula flowers using supercritical CO2, with initial extraction

High-quality, efficient dye and pigment nanoparticles are ideal for supercritical dyeing in the textile industry, an eco-friendly and water-free dyeing method. This study investigates the precipitation of Yellow 2G nanoparticles, an azo dye, via the supercritical gas anti-solvent (GAS) process under varying pressures (10 MPa, 12.5 MPa, and 15 MPa), solute concentrations (0.1 mg.ml−1, 0.3 mg.ml−1, and

Recently, ultrasmall metal oxide nanoparticles from 1.5 nm in size were synthesized by organic–inorganic reactions under hydrothermal conditions. Precise control of the particle size was achieved by changing the reaction time using a flow reactor. The continuous flow hydrothermal synthesis method is highly promising for exploring new features of metal oxides. In this study, the growth behavior of organically

Upcycling of disposed photovoltaic backsheets plays important role in sustainable development of the photovoltaic industrial chain. However, the melt strength of the main component (rPET) decreased dramatically after long-term outside exposure, it is still challenging to develop a rPET-based microcellular thermal-insulation foam. Herein, we utilize a crystalline-amorphous network (CAN) strategy to

Cryogenic Minimum Quantity Lubrication (cMQL) with oil and liquid or supercritical CO2 provides efficient cooling and lubrication for machining difficult-to-cut materials. For drilling, oil and CO2 should be in a single-phase state to avoid separation in the fast-rotating drill spindle before expanding at the drill tip. This article presents the phase behavior, dissolution kinetics and expansion behavior

Polyolefin elastomer (POE) foam with a novel open-cell structure, termed the island open-cell structure, was fabricated by melt blending two kinds of POE with distinct melting points, followed by foaming using a mixture of CO₂ and N₂ as blowing agents. The formation and evolution mechanisms of the unique open-cell structure were elucidated through gas solubility test and high-pressure rheology, focusing

Crosslinking behavior of liquid silicone rubber (LSR) in CO2 is important for regulation of cell structure of LSR foam. In LSR system, introduction of CO2 can change the crosslinking reaction, but the effect of the crosslinking in CO2 on foaming behavior is not clear. Here, LSR was saturated at 40 °C and 10 MPa CO2 in order to introducing more CO2 to investigate crosslinking in CO2 and foaming behavior

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction was used to debitter Andean lupin beans (Lupinus mutabilis, SWEET) by separating quinolizidine alkaloids. ScCO2 alone was found ineffective. Alkaloids were removed with i) a specific amount of polar cosolvent, ii) a pre-wetting of the bean flour before extraction, and iii) excessive polar cosolvent. For i) and ii), about 30 % and 60 % of alkaloids could

This study introduces a novel semi-continuous hydrothermal process for the chemical recycling of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC), focusing on the selective cleavage of bisphenol A (BPA) while minimizing its decomposition. Key operational parameters and reactor design were established through calculations using available kinetic and phase equilibrium data, ensuring that BPA residence time remained

Nanocellular foams have recently received much interest due to their fascinating properties. Previous studies have shown that molecular weight and CO2 solubility are critical in obtaining nanocellular foams from commercial-grade polymers, with accepted wisdom requiring solubility exceeding 30 wt% for nanocellular PMMA generation. This study challenges this assumption by demonstrating successful production

The operational instability of supercritical CO₂ compressors near the pseudo-critical line is investigated, with a focus on key regions where pseudo-phase transitions occur. The efficiency, pressure ratio, and fluid property variations of the compressor are analyzed under three different inlet conditions (pseudo-liquid, pseudo-gas, and gas states) at rotating speeds of 30000–70000 rpm. The main findings

Currently, most colored Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textiles are not recycled, because the presence of dyes leads to uncontrollable coloration in chemically recycled PET products. Traditional solvent-based decolorization faces scalability challenges due to high solvent use, low efficiency, and environmental impact. This study explores scCO₂ to enhance solvent decolorization by reducing PET-dye

This study evaluates the extraction yields, cannabinoid profiles, and physiological effects of Cannabis sativa L. (Purple 52) using three methods: supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂), Soxhlet, and maceration. Validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDa) as the dominant cannabinoids in hemp extracts, and decarboxylation of hemp samples

A rapid and efficient method for modeling supercritical CO2 (scCO2) Brayton cycles is presented, enabling calculations for both design and off-design conditions. A library is developed within an object-oriented simulation environment, to perform the calculations, incorporating an existing open-source library for accurately computing the specific properties of CO2 near its critical point. For turbomachinery